City of baxter

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These documents should not be relied upon as the definitive authority for local legislation. Additionally, the formatting and pagination of the posted documents varies from the formatting and pagination of the official copy.

The official printed copy of a Code of Ordinances should be consulted prior to any action being taken. For further information regarding the official version of any of this Code of Ordinances or other documents posted on this site, please contact the Municipality directly or contact American Legal Publishing toll-free at Search Login.

Select Language. Please note that the English language version is the official version of the code. American Legal Publishing and the jurisdiction whose laws are being translated do not vouch for the accuracy of any translated versions of such laws. PDF documents are not translated. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. There were 2, households, of which The average household size was 2. The median age in the city was The gender makeup of the city was As of the census of , there were 5, people, 1, households, and 1, families living in the city.

There were 1, housing units at an average density of Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. There were 1, households, out of which In the city, the population was spread out, with The median age was 36 years.

For every females, there were For every females age 18 and over, there were About 2. Baxter's students attend Brainerd Public Schools. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. City in Minnesota, United States. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, American FactFinder. Census Bureau, Census. Retrieved 23 April Archived from the original on Retrieved Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved July 14, Census website". Census Bureau. Archived PDF from the original on County seat : Brainerd.

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Exetel username and password format for amerigroup	Burgess Falls State Park Sparta, 8. Download as PDF Printable version. In the city, the population was spread out, with There were 1, housing units learn more here an average density of The site served as a Burlington Northern Railroad tie treatment plant and Baxter owes its existence partly to the s operation city of baxter a since closed large tie -treating plant, owned by Northern Pacific Railroad. According to the Vaxter States Census Bureauthe city has a total area of
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Historically, the qualifying factor was the presence of a cathedral , resulting in some very small cities such as Wells , with a population 12, as of [update] and St Davids , with a population of 1, as of [update]. According to the "functional definition", a city is not distinguished by size alone, but also by the role it plays within a larger political context. Cities serve as administrative, commercial, religious, and cultural hubs for their larger surrounding areas.

The presence of a literate elite is sometimes included [ by whom? This arrangement contrasts with the more typically horizontal relationships in a tribe or village accomplishing common goals through informal agreements between neighbors, or through leadership of a chief.

The governments may be based on heredity, religion, military power, work systems such as canal-building, food-distribution, land-ownership, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, finance, or a combination of these. Societies that live in cities are often called civilizations. The word city and the related civilization come from the Latin root civitas , originally meaning 'citizenship' or 'community member' and eventually coming to correspond with urbs , meaning 'city' in a more physical sense.

Urban geography deals both with cities in their larger context and with their internal structure. Town siting has varied through history according to natural, technological, economic, and military contexts.

Access to water has long been a major factor in city placement and growth, and despite exceptions enabled by the advent of rail transport in the nineteenth century, through the present most of the world's urban population lives near the coast or on a river. Urban areas as a rule cannot produce their own food and therefore must develop some relationship with a hinterland which sustains them.

The vast majority of cities have a central area containing buildings with special economic, political, and religious significance. Archaeologists refer to this area by the Greek term temenos or if fortified as a citadel. Cities typically have public spaces where anyone can go. These include privately owned spaces open to the public as well as forms of public land such as public domain and the commons.

Western philosophy since the time of the Greek agora has considered physical public space as the substrate of the symbolic public sphere. Parks and other natural sites within cities provide residents with relief from the hardness and regularity of typical built environments.

Urban structure generally follows one or more basic patterns: geomorphic, radial, concentric, rectilinear, and curvilinear. Physical environment generally constrains the form in which a city is built. If located on a mountainside, urban structure may rely on terraces and winding roads. It may be adapted to its means of subsistence e.

And it may be set up for optimal defense given the surrounding landscape. In a radial structure, main roads converge on a central point. This form could evolve from successive growth over a long time, with concentric traces of town walls and citadels marking older city boundaries.

In more recent history, such forms were supplemented by ring roads moving traffic around the outskirts of a town. Dutch cities such as Amsterdam and Haarlem are structured as a central square surrounded by concentric canals marking every expansion. In cities such as Moscow , this pattern is still clearly visible. A system of rectilinear city streets and land plots, known as the grid plan , has been used for millennia in Asia, Europe, and the Americas.

The Indus Valley civilisation built Mohenjo-Daro , Harappa and other cities on a grid pattern, using ancient principles described by Kautilya , and aligned with the compass points. Urban-type settlement extends far beyond the traditional boundaries of the city proper [39] in a form of development sometimes described critically as urban sprawl. Metropolitan areas include suburbs and exurbs organized around the needs of commuters , and sometimes edge cities characterized by a degree of economic and political independence.

In the US these are grouped into metropolitan statistical areas for purposes of demography and marketing. Some cities are now part of a continuous urban landscape called urban agglomeration , conurbation , or megalopolis exemplified by the BosWash corridor of the Northeastern United States.

The cities of Jericho , Aleppo , Faiyum , Yerevan , Athens , Damascus and Argos are among those laying claim to the longest continual inhabitation. Cities, characterized by population density , symbolic function, and urban planning , have existed for thousands of years.

In the fourth and third millennium BC , complex civilizations flourished in the river valleys of Mesopotamia , India , China , and Egypt. Some had large, dense populations , but others carried out urban activities in the realms of politics or religion without having large associated populations.

Among the early Old World cities, Mohenjo-daro of the Indus Valley civilization in present-day Pakistan , existing from about BC, was one of the largest, with a population of 50, or more and a sophisticated sanitation system. The Ancient Egyptian cities known physically by archaeologists are not extensive. These sites appear planned in a highly regimented and stratified fashion, with a minimalistic grid of rooms for the workers and increasingly more elaborate housing available for higher classes.

In Mesopotamia, the civilization of Sumer , followed by Assyria and Babylon , gave rise to numerous cities, governed by kings and fostering multiple languages written in cuneiform. In the following centuries, independent city-states of Greece , especially Athens , developed the polis , an association of male landowning citizens who collectively constituted the city.

Under the authority of its empire , Rome transformed and founded many cities coloniae , and with them brought its principles of urban architecture, design, and society. In the ancient Americas, early urban traditions developed in the Andes and Mesoamerica.

In the Andes, the first urban centers developed in the Norte Chico civilization , Chavin and Moche cultures, followed by major cities in the Huari , Chimu and Inca cultures. The Norte Chico civilization included as many as 30 major population centers in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru. It is the oldest known civilization in the Americas, flourishing between the 30th and 18th centuries BC. Later cultures such as the Aztec , Andean civilization , Mayan , Mississippians , and Pueblo peoples drew on these earlier urban traditions.

Many of their ancient cities continue to be inhabited, including major metropolitan cities such as Mexico City , in the same location as Tenochtitlan ; while ancient continuously inhabited Pueblos are near modern urban areas in New Mexico , such as Acoma Pueblo near the Albuquerque metropolitan area and Taos Pueblo near Taos ; while others like Lima are located nearby ancient Peruvian sites such as Pachacamac.

In the remnants of the Roman Empire , cities of late antiquity gained independence but soon lost population and importance. In the Holy Roman Empire , beginning in the 12th century, free imperial cities such as Nuremberg , Strasbourg , Frankfurt , Basel , Zurich , Nijmegen became a privileged elite among towns having won self-governance from their local lord or having been granted self-governanace by the emperor and being placed under his immediate protection.

By , these cities, as far as still part of the empire, became part of the Imperial Estates governing the empire with the emperor through the Imperial Diet. By the 13th and 14th centuries, some cities become powerful states, taking surrounding areas under their control or establishing extensive maritime empires. In Italy medieval communes developed into city-states including the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Genoa.

Their power was later challenged and eclipsed by the Dutch commercial cities of Ghent , Ypres , and Amsterdam. In the first millennium AD, the Khmer capital of Angkor in Cambodia grew into the most extensive preindustrial settlement in the world by area, [76] [77] covering over 1, km 2 and possibly supporting up to one million people. In the West, nation-states became the dominant unit of political organization following the Peace of Westphalia in the seventeenth century.

However, most towns remained small. During the Spanish colonization of the Americas the old Roman city concept was extensively used. Cities were founded in the middle of the newly conquered territories, and were bound to several laws regarding administration, finances and urbanism. The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe and then in other regions, as new opportunities brought huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas.

England led the way as London became the capital of a world empire and cities across the country grew in locations strategic for manufacturing. Industrialized cities became deadly places to live, due to health problems resulting from overcrowding , occupational hazards of industry, contaminated water and air, poor sanitation , and communicable diseases such as typhoid and cholera. Factories and slums emerged as regular features of the urban landscape. In the second half of the twentieth century, deindustrialization or " economic restructuring " in the West led to poverty , homelessness , and urban decay in formerly prosperous cities.

America's "Steel Belt" became a " Rust Belt " and cities such as Detroit , Michigan, and Gary, Indiana began to shrink , contrary to the global trend of massive urban expansion. Amidst these economic changes, high technology and instantaneous telecommunication enable select cities to become centers of the knowledge economy.

Urbanization is the process of migration from rural into urban areas, driven by various political, economic, and cultural factors. Until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the rural agricultural population and towns featuring markets and small-scale manufacturing. Urbanization rapidly spread across the Europe and the Americas and since the s has taken hold in Asia and Africa as well.

The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs , reported in that for the first time more than half of the world population lives in cities. Latin America is the most urban continent, with four-fifths of its population living in cities, including one fifth of the population said to live in shantytowns favelas , poblaciones callampas , etc.

Asia is home to by far the greatest absolute number of city-dwellers: over two billion and counting. Megacities , cities with population in the multi-millions, have proliferated into the dozens, arising especially in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Cities around the world have expanded physically as they grow in population, with increases in their surface extent, with the creation of high-rise buildings for residential and commercial use, and with development underground. Urbanization can create rapid demand for water resources management , as formerly good sources of freshwater become overused and polluted, and the volume of sewage begins to exceed manageable levels.

Local government of cities takes different forms including prominently the municipality especially in England , in the United States , in India , and in other British colonies ; legally, the municipal corporation ; [] municipio in Spain and in Portugal , and, along with municipalidad , in most former parts of the Spanish and Portuguese empires and the commune in France and in Chile ; or comune in Italy.

The chief official of the city has the title of mayor. Whatever their true degree of political authority, the mayor typically acts as the figurehead or personification of their city.

This hierarchy of law is not enforced rigidly in practice—for example in conflicts between municipal regulations and national principles such as constitutional rights and property rights. Technologies, techniques, and laws governing these areas—developed in cities—have become ubiquitous in many areas. Cities typically provide municipal services such as education , through school systems ; policing , through police departments; and firefighting , through fire departments ; as well as the city's basic infrastructure.

These are provided more or less routinely, in a more or less equal fashion. The traditional basis for municipal finance is local property tax levied on real estate within the city. Local government can also collect revenue for services, or by leasing land that it owns. This situation has become acute in deindustrialized cities and in cases where businesses and wealthier citizens have moved outside of city limits and therefore beyond the reach of taxation.

Governance includes government but refers to a wider domain of social control functions implemented by many actors including non-governmental organizations. The biggest investors and real estate developers act as the city's de facto urban planners. The related concept of good governance places more emphasis on the state, with the purpose of assessing urban governments for their suitability for development assistance. Urban planning , the application of forethought to city design, involves optimizing land use, transportation, utilities, and other basic systems, in order to achieve certain objectives.

Urban planners and scholars have proposed overlapping theories as ideals for how plans should be formed. Planning tools, beyond the original design of the city itself, include public capital investment in infrastructure and land-use controls such as zoning. The continuous process of comprehensive planning involves identifying general objectives as well as collecting data to evaluate progress and inform future decisions.

Government is legally the final authority on planning but in practice the process involves both public and private elements. The legal principle of eminent domain is used by government to divest citizens of their property in cases where its use is required for a project. The history of urban planning dates to some of the earliest known cities, especially in the Indus Valley and Mesoamerican civilizations, which built their cities on grids and apparently zoned different areas for different purposes.

Urban society is typically stratified. Spatially, cities are formally or informally segregated along ethnic, economic and racial lines. People living relatively close together may live, work, and play in separate areas, and associate with different people, forming ethnic or lifestyle enclaves or, in areas of concentrated poverty, ghettoes. While in the US and elsewhere poverty became associated with the inner city , in France it has become associated with the banlieues , areas of urban development which surround the city proper.

Meanwhile, across Europe and North America, the racially white majority is empirically the most segregated group. Suburbs in the West, and, increasingly, gated communities and other forms of "privatopia" around the world, allow local elites to self-segregate into secure and exclusive neighborhoods. Landless urban workers, contrasted with peasants and known as the proletariat , form a growing stratum of society in the age of urbanization.

In Marxist doctrine, the proletariat will inevitably revolt against the bourgeoisie as their ranks swell with disenfranchised and disaffected people lacking all stake [ clarification needed ] in the status quo. Historically, cities rely on rural areas for intensive farming to yield surplus crops , in exchange for which they provide money, political administration, manufactured goods, and culture. As hubs of trade cities have long been home to retail commerce and consumption through the interface of shopping.

In the 20th century, department stores using new techniques of advertising , public relations , decoration , and design , transformed urban shopping areas into fantasy worlds encouraging self-expression and escape through consumerism. In general, the density of cities expedites commerce and facilitates knowledge spillovers , helping people and firms exchange information and generate new ideas.

Population density enables also sharing of common infrastructure and production facilities, however in very dense cities, increased crowding and waiting times may lead to some negative effects. Although manufacturing fueled the growth of cities, many now rely on a tertiary or service economy. The services in question range from tourism , hospitality , entertainment , housekeeping , and prostitution to grey-collar work in law , finance , and administration.

Cities are typically hubs for education and the arts , supporting universities , museums , temples , and other cultural institutions. Density makes for effective mass communication and transmission of news , through heralds , printed proclamations , newspapers , and digital media. These communication networks, though still using cities as hubs, penetrate extensively into all populated areas.

In the age of rapid communication and transportation, commentators have described urban culture as nearly ubiquitous [14] [] [] or as no longer meaningful. Today, a city's promotion of its cultural activities dovetails with place branding and city marketing , public diplomacy techniques used to inform development strategy; to attract businesses, investors, residents, and tourists; and to create a shared identity and sense of place within the metropolitan area.

Elvis lovers visit Memphis to pay their respects at Graceland. Bread and circuses among other forms of cultural appeal, attract and entertain the masses.

Cities play a crucial strategic role in warfare due to their economic, demographic, symbolic, and political centrality. For the same reasons, they are targets in asymmetric warfare. Many cities throughout history were founded under military auspices, a great many have incorporated fortifications , and military principles continue to influence urban design.

Powers engaged in geopolitical conflict have established fortified settlements as part of military strategies, as in the case of garrison towns, America's Strategic Hamlet Program during the Vietnam War , and Israeli settlements in Palestine. During World War II , national governments on occasion declared certain cities open , effectively surrendering them to an advancing enemy in order to avoid damage and bloodshed. Urban warfare proved decisive, however, in the Battle of Stalingrad , where Soviet forces repulsed German occupiers, with extreme casualties and destruction.

In an era of low-intensity conflict and rapid urbanization, cities have become sites of long-term conflict waged both by foreign occupiers and by local governments against insurgency. Although capture is the more common objective, warfare has in some cases spelt complete destruction for a city. Mesopotamian tablets and ruins attest to such destruction, [] as does the Latin motto Carthago delenda est.

Climate change and cities are deeply connected. Cities are one of the greatest contributors and likely best opportunities for addressing climate change.

Because of the high density and effects like the urban heat island affect, weather changes due to climate change are likely to greatly effect cities, [] exacerbating existing problems, such as air pollution, water scarcity , [] and heat illness in the metropolitan areas.

A report by the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group described consumption based emissions as having significantly more impact than production-based emissions within cities. In the most recent past, increasing urbanization has also been proposed as a phenomenon that has a reducing effect on the global rate of carbon emission primarily because with urbanization comes technical prowess which can help drive sustainability.

Urban infrastructure involves various physical networks and spaces necessary for transportation, water use, energy, recreation, and public functions. Infrastructure in general if not every infrastructure project plays a vital role in a city's capacity for economic activity and expansion, underpinning the very survival of the city's inhabitants, as well as technological, commercial, industrial, and social activities.

Megaprojects such as the construction of airports , power plants , and railways require large upfront investments and thus tend to require funding from national government or the private sector. Urban infrastructure ideally serves all residents equally but in practice may prove uneven—with, in some cities, clear first-class and second-class alternatives. Public utilities literally, useful things with general availability include basic and essential infrastructure networks, chiefly concerned with the supply of water, electricity, and telecommunications capability to the populace.

Sanitation , necessary for good health in crowded conditions, requires water supply and waste management as well as individual hygiene. Urban water systems include principally a water supply network and a network sewerage system for sewage and stormwater. Historically , either local governments or private companies have administered urban water supply , with a tendency toward government water supply in the 20th century and a tendency toward private operation at the turn of the twenty-first.

Modern urban life relies heavily on the energy transmitted through electricity for the operation of electric machines from household appliances to industrial machines to now-ubiquitous electronic systems used in communications, business, and government and for traffic lights , street lights , and indoor lighting.

Cities rely to a lesser extent on hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and natural gas for transportation, heating , and cooking. Telecommunications infrastructure such as telephone lines and coaxial cables also traverse cities, forming dense networks for mass and point-to-point communications. Because cities rely on specialization and an economic system based on wage labour , their inhabitants must have the ability to regularly travel between home, work, commerce, and entertainment. Cities also rely on long-distance transportation truck, rail , and airplane for economic connections with other cities and rural areas.

Historically, city streets were the domain of horses and their riders and pedestrians , who only sometimes had sidewalks and special walking areas reserved for them. Since the mid-twentieth century, cities have relied heavily on motor vehicle transportation, with major implications for their layout, environment, and aesthetics. The urban bus system , the world's most common form of public transport, uses a network of scheduled routes to move people through the city, alongside cars, on the roads.

Rapid transit is widely used in Europe and has increased in Latin America and Asia. Walking and cycling "non-motorized transport" enjoy increasing favor more pedestrian zones and bike lanes in American and Asian urban transportation planning, under the influence of such trends as the Healthy Cities movement, the drive for sustainable development , and the idea of a carfree city.

Housing of residents presents one of the major challenges every city must face. Adequate housing entails not only physical shelters but also the physical systems necessary to sustain life and economic activity. Home ownership represents status and a modicum of economic security, compared to renting which may consume much of the income of low-wage urban workers. Homelessness , or lack of housing, is a challenge currently faced by millions of people in countries rich and poor.

Urban ecosystems , influenced as they are by the density of human buildings and activities, differ considerably from those of their rural surroundings. Anthropogenic buildings and waste , as well as cultivation in gardens , create physical and chemical environments which have no equivalents in wilderness , in some cases enabling exceptional biodiversity.

They provide homes not only for immigrant humans but also for immigrant plants , bringing about interactions between species which never previously encountered each other.

They introduce frequent disturbances construction, walking to plant and animal habitats , creating opportunities for recolonization and thus favoring young ecosystems with r-selected species dominant. On the whole, urban ecosystems are less complex and productive than others, due to the diminished absolute amount of biological interactions.

Typical urban fauna include insects especially ants , rodents mice , rats , and birds , as well as cats and dogs domesticated and feral. Large predators are scarce. Cities generate considerable ecological footprints , locally and at longer distances, due to concentrated populations and technological activities.

From one perspective, cities are not ecologically sustainable due to their resource needs. From another, proper management may be able to ameliorate a city's ill effects.

Industrialized cities, and today third-world megacities, are notorious for veils of smog industrial haze which envelop them, posing a chronic threat to the health of their millions of inhabitants. Modern cities are known for creating their own microclimates , due to concrete , asphalt , and other artificial surfaces, which heat up in sunlight and channel rainwater into underground ducts. This effect varies nonlinearly with population changes independently of the city's physical size.

Thus, urban areas experience unique climates, with earlier flowering and later leaf dropping than in nearby countries. Poor and working-class people face disproportionate exposure to environmental risks known as environmental racism when intersecting also with racial segregation. For example, within the urban microclimate, less-vegetated poor neighborhoods bear more of the heat but have fewer means of coping with it.

One of the main methods of improving the urban ecology is including in the cities more urban green space : parks , gardens , lawns , and trees. These areas improve the health, the well-being of the human, animal, and plant populations of the cities. A study published in Nature's Scientific Reports journal in found that people who spent at least two hours per week in nature were 23 percent more likely to be satisfied with their life and were 59 percent more likely to be in good health than those who had zero exposure.

The study used data from almost 20, people in the UK. Benefits increased for up to minutes of exposure. The benefits applied to men and women of all ages, as well as across different ethnicities, socioeconomic status, and even those with long-term illnesses and disabilities. People who did not get at least two hours — even if they surpassed an hour per week — did not get the benefits.

The study is the latest addition to a compelling body of evidence for the health benefits of nature. Many doctors already give nature prescriptions to their patients. The study didn't count time spent in a person's own yard or garden as time in nature, but the majority of nature visits in the study took place within two miles from home.

White said in a press release. As the world becomes more closely linked through economics, politics, technology, and culture a process called globalization , cities have come to play a leading role in transnational affairs, exceeding the limitations of international relations conducted by national governments. A global city , also known as a world city, is a prominent centre of trade, banking, finance, innovation, and markets.

Saskia Sassen used the term "global city" in her work, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo to refer to a city's power , status, and cosmopolitanism, rather than to its size. Global cities may have reached their status due to early transition to post-industrialism [] or through inertia which has enabled them to maintain their dominance from the industrial era. Critics of the notion point to the different realms of power and interchange.

The term "global city" is heavily influenced by economic factors and, thus, may not account for places that are otherwise significant. Paul James , for example argues that the term is "reductive and skewed" in its focus on financial systems. Multinational corporations and banks make their headquarters in global cities and conduct much of their business within this context.

Global cities feature concentrations of extremely wealthy and extremely poor people. Cities increasingly participate in world political activities independently of their enclosing nation-states. Early examples of this phenomenon are the sister city relationship and the promotion of multi-level governance within the European Union as a technique for European integration.

New urban dwellers are increasingly transmigrants , keeping one foot each through telecommunications if not travel in their old and their new homes.

Cities participate in global governance by various means including membership in global networks which transmit norms and regulations. Networks have become especially prevalent in the arena of environmentalism and specifically climate change following the adoption of Agenda Cities with world political status as meeting places for advocacy groups, non-governmental organizations, lobbyists, educational institutions, intelligence agencies, military contractors, information technology firms, and other groups with a stake in world policymaking.

They are consequently also sites for symbolic protest. The United Nations System has been involved in a series of events and declarations dealing with the development of cities during this period of rapid urbanization.

The World Bank , a United Nations specialized agency , has been a primary force in promoting the Habitat conferences, and since the first Habitat conference has used their declarations as a framework for issuing loans for urban infrastructure.

UNESCO's capacity to select World Heritage Sites gives the organization significant influence over cultural capital , tourism , and historic preservation funding. Cities figure prominently in traditional Western culture, appearing in the Bible in both evil and holy forms, symbolized by Babylon and Jerusalem.

In Sumerian mythology Gilgamesh built the walls of Uruk. Cities can be perceived in terms of extremes or opposites: at once liberating and oppressive, wealthy and poor, organized and chaotic. Such opposition may result from identification of cities with oppression and the ruling elite. Writers, painters, and filmmakers have produced innumerable works of art concerning the urban experience.

Classical and medieval literature includes a genre of descriptiones which treat of city features and history. Modern authors such as Charles Dickens and James Joyce are famous for evocative descriptions of their home cities. By the s, however, traffic congestion began to appear in such films as The Fast Lady and Playtime Literature, film, and other forms of popular culture have supplied visions of future cities both utopian and dystopian.

The prospect of expanding, communicating, and increasingly interdependent world cities has given rise to images such as Nylonkong New York, London, Hong Kong [] and visions of a single world-encompassing ecumenopolis. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Large permanent human settlement.

For other uses, see City disambiguation. Main article: City centre. Main article: History of the city. Further information: Urban history , Historical urban community sizes , and List of largest cities throughout history. Main article: Urbanization. Further information: Local government. Main articles: Urban planning and Urban design. This section is an excerpt from Climate change and cities. See also: Public transport.

Main article: Urban ecology. Further information: urban fiction and Cities in fiction. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no fixed definition of the lower boundary for their size; common definitions include "," and "one million".

This article is about large settlements, however defined. Wells , Patrick Geddes and Kingsley Davis foretold the coming of a mostly urban world throughout the twentieth century. Beyond the prominent institutions of U. London: Penguin. London: Routledge. Encyclopedia of the City. Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 October Retrieved 14 February ISBN Archived from the original on 1 March Retrieved 20 December UN News.

Archived from the original on 4 March Retrieved 20 March The Guardian News. Archived from the original on 9 March Archived from the original on 4 August Retrieved 10 May Values are embedded in these metaphors: historic continuity, stable equilibrium, productive efficiency, capable decision and management, maximum interaction, or the progress of political struggle. Certain actors become the decisive elements of transformation in each view: political leaders, families and ethnic groups, major investors, the technicians of transport, the decision elite, the revolutionary classes.

Archived from the original on 3 June Retrieved 3 June Archived from the original on 16 May Archived from the original on 6 October Retrieved 2 October It's a little complicated". The Globe and Mail. Moreover, within any area possessing a broadly uniform level of agricultural productivity, there is a rough but definite association between the density of the rural population and the average spacing of cities above any chosen minimum size. As cities grew in complexity, the major civic institutions, from seats of government to religious buildings, would also come to dominate these points of convergence.

Study of the very earliest cities show this compound to be largely composed of a temple and supporting structures. The temple rose some 40 feet above the ground and would have presented a formidable profile to those far away.

The temple contained the priestly class, scribes, and record keepers, as well as granaries, schools, crafts—almost all non-agricultural aspects of society. In the overbound city the administrative area is greater than the physical extent. The 'truebound' city is one where the administrative bound is nearly coincidental with the physical extent. Archived from the original on 16 August Cities functioned economically as centers of extraction and redistribution from countryside to granaries to the urban population.

One of the main functions of this central authority was to extract, store, and redistribute the grain. It is no accident that granaries—storage areas for grain—were often found within the temples of early cities. Elizabeth C. From this source sprang the elaborate system of fortifications, with walls, ramparts, towers, canals, ditches, that continued to characterize the chief historic cities, apart from certain special cases—as during the Pax Romana—down to the eighteenth century.

The desire to create cities was the most striking characteristic of the people of antiquity, and ancient rulers and statesmen vied with one another in satisfying that desire. Archived from the original on 1 April Retrieved 5 March Khan Academy. Archived from the original on 5 March It became one precociously, before the end of the fourth millennium B. Urban traditions remained strong and virtually continuous through the vicissitudes of conquest, internal upheaval accompanied by widespread economic breakdown, and massive linguistic and population replacement.

The symbolic and material content of civilization obviously changed, but its cultural ambience remained tied to cities. The Citizenship Debates. Archived from the original on 9 June Retrieved 11 November Roman colonies were organized as a means of securing Roman territory. The first thing that Romans did when they conquered new territories was to establish cities.

Archived from the original on 7 February Retrieved 3 March Afriques 4. Archived from the original on 15 December Retrieved 13 December This urban heritage would continue despite the conquests of the Seljuk Turks and the later Crusades. China, the longest standing civilization, was in the midst of a golden age as the Tang dynasty gave way—after a short period of fragmentation—to the Song dynasty.

This dynasty ruled two of the most impressive cities on the planet, Xian and Hangzhou. For more than five centuries a steady process of deurbanization—whereby the population living in cities and the number of cities declined precipitously—had converted a prosperous landscape into a scary wilderness, overrun with bandits, warlords, and rude settlements.

The Byzantines. John Wiley and Sons. Archived from the original on 23 May Retrieved 24 January In Angeliki E. Laiou ed. The Economic History of Byzantium Volume 1.

Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. Archived from the original on 18 February Retrieved 6 June Archived from the original on 29 May Retrieved 29 May Indeed, rather than freestanding legal sites, they are imagined as products or 'creatures' of the provinces who may bring them into being or dissolve them as they choose. As with the provinces their powers are of a delegated form: they may only exercise jurisdiction over areas that have been expressly identified by enabling legislation.

Municipal law may not conflict with provincial law, and may only be exercised within its defined territory. While liberalism fears the encroachments of the state, it seems less worried about those of the municipality.

Thus if a national government proposed a statute forbidding public gatherings or sporting events, a revolution would occur. Yet municipalities routinely enact sweeping by-laws directed at open ended and ill-defined offences such as loitering and obstruction, requiring permits for protests or requiring residents and homeowners to remove snow from the city's sidewalks.

London became the first truly global city by placing itself within the new global economy. English colonialism in North America, the Caribbean, South Asia, and later Africa and China helped to further fatten the wallets of many of its merchants.

These colonies would later provide many of the raw materials for industrial production. England's hinterland was no longer confined to a portion of the world; it effectively became a global hinterland. Robert Z. Lawrence, for example, uses aggregate economic data to show that manufacturing employment in the United States did not decline but actually increased from Different countries have specific definitions of what actually qualifies as a city, but the word is often used generally to describe a place where many people live.

Playing off of this, the word city is also used to collectively refer to all of the people who live in a city. Real-life examples: A mayor will often give speeches to the city , meaning the people who live there. The word city is also used to describe something that is related to or has the quality of a city.

Real-life examples: A city library is a library located in and run by a city. A city bus is a bus owned and operated by a city. A city person is someone who grew up in a city or prefers the life of a city. The first records of city come from around What are some other forms related to city? City is a common word most frequently referring to a place where a lot of people live. In , fearful that land speculation would drive up housing prices, the city of Amsterdam bought up land.

And all the beautiful cities I have yet to visit. But no city lights my heart up like New York City does. True or False? The people leaving New York are disproportionately older, richer, more established professionals — people who need the city less. In Delaware, Beebe Healthcare, a hospital in the city of Lewes that serves the Rehoboth Beach area, was one of five Delaware hospitals to receive a score of in the Healthcare Equality Index report.

They took over a big chunk of the city , 20 percent of the city. Throughout the fifties, in city after city , fluoridation became the subject of fierce debate. To put it rather uncharitably, the USPHS practiced a major dental experiment on a city full of unconsenting subjects.

Today, the city is an Asian hipster outpost, with shopping malls, clothing boutiques, and mixologist-prepared cocktails. Saved from the public gallows, Weeks was virtually exiled from the city , and wound up in Mississippi, where he raised a family. This city stands upon almost two equal parts on each side the river that passes through.

When she arrived she made a regular entry into the city in a coach all gold and glass, drawn by eight superb plumed horses. You see, I am the city undertaker, and the people are dying here so fast, that I can hardly supply the demand for coffins. Cheap as they are, they are a poorer speculation than even corner lots in a lithographic city of Nebraska or Oregon.

The streets here are rather wide for an Italian city but would be deemed intolerably narrow in America. New Word List Word List.

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